The rapid advancement of digital technologies and the expansion of cyberspace have profoundly affected various aspects of children’s lives. Among these, the right to health—recognized as one of the fundamental rights of children—has faced emerging challenges arising from both the opportunities and threats posed by the digital environment. Internet addiction, sleep disorders, physical inactivity, stress from cyberbullying, and exposure to inappropriate content are among the adverse consequences of cyberspace on children’s physical and mental health. In this context, digital sovereignty, as a regulatory and governance framework for cyberspace, plays a crucial role in safeguarding children’s rights, particularly in the domain of health. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and employs documentary research methods to examine states’ obligations under international law concerning digital sovereignty and the right to children’s mental health. To this end, it first clarifies the concept of the right to children’s health and its various dimensions within the digital sphere. Subsequently, it explores the relevant international legal and political frameworks for digital regulation, including United Nations instruments, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the guidelines of the World Health Organization, and regulations issued by the International Telecommunication Union. The study further analyzes the political responsibilities of states at national, regional, and international levels and critically assesses the challenges associated with fulfilling these obligations. The findings of this research reveal that despite the emphasis of international instruments on the necessity of protecting children’s health in digital settings, the absence of a binding global framework and the inconsistent regulatory approaches adopted by states have significantly jeopardized the realization of children’s health rights in cyberspace. Accordingly, the study recommends that states develop and implement more effective digital governance policies—through the reform of national legislation, enhanced regional cooperation, and adherence to international commitments—to mitigate the harms of cyberspace and ensure the protection of children’s health