The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is the largest and most populous comprehensive regional cooperation organization in the world, covering about half of the world’s population, and not only has a large consumer market, but also rich natural resources and strong productivity. And as one of the important platforms for the implementation of the Green Belt and Road Initiative, this is an important opportunity for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to actively
participate in global governance and contribute to building a community of global life. With the beginning of the process of entering Iran as a new member, the question of this research is that according to the areas of cooperation and goals of the Shanghai Organization, what political and legal effects will Iran’s permanent membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization have on Iran’s diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. The findings of the current research indicate that Iran’s membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has extensive political and legal effects on diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. This membership can strengthen Iran’s relations with neighboring countries and expand opportunities for political, security and economic cooperation. On the other hand, this membership may cause some countries to worry about strengthening Iran’s influence in the region.